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Type 26 revolver
was the first modern pistol adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army. It was developed at the Koishikawa Arsenal and is named for its year of adoption in the Japanese dating system (the 26th year of the reign of the Meiji emperor, i.e., 1893). The revolver saw action in conflicts including the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and World War II.
It is a conglomeration of design features from other revolvers made during the time period. The revolver has a design flaw that allows the cylinder to over-rotate and align the wrong chamber. Five distinct phases of production have different markings depending on the time and individual Type 26 produced. The 9mm Japanese revolver ammunition used is unique to the weapon. The Type 26 has a double-action only mechanism and is therefore difficult to aim accurately. The Type 26 was replaced by the Nambu pistol in the first half of the 20th century.
==History==
Known as the ''Meiji 26 Nen Ken Ju'' (meaning "''Pistol, Pattern of the 26th year of the Meiji era''"),〔Hogg, Ian, ''Military Small Arms of the 20th Century'', 7th Edition, (2000) p. 66〕 the Type 26 revolver was the first indigenous revolver adopted by the Japanese military.〔Skennerton, Ian, ''Japanese Service Pistols Handbook'' (2008) p. 7〕 The Type 26 was produced to replace the aging Smith & Wesson New Model No. 3〔Kinard, Jeff. ''Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact'' (2003), p. 161〕 and was officially adopted March 29, 1894.〔Derby, Harry L. ''Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945'' (2003), p. 15〕 The design is widely believed to be a mixture of features taken from other revolvers.〔Hogg, Ian, ''Pistols of the World'', 4th Edition, (2004) p. 190〕 The lock design is similar to Galand designs, the hinged frame is similar to Smith & Wesson designs, and the hinged side plate covering the lock is similar to the Modèle 1892 revolver.〔 The cartridge was loaded with black powder until 1900 when the cartridges began to be loaded with smokeless powder.〔 The Type 26 is considered a remarkable leap in Japanese pistol development despite the international influence, with the matchlock being the most common domestic Japanese handgun 40 years earlier.〔Kinard, Jeff. ''Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact'' (2003), p. 162〕 Production stopped after 1923 when much of the Koishikawa Arsenal was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, with assembly continuing until the exhaustion of stockpiled parts.〔Hogg, Ian, ''Pistols of the World'', 4th Edition, (2004) p. 191〕 Approximately 59,000 Type 26 revolvers were produced and an additional 900 revolvers were made in pre-production.〔 Restoration and re-issue of revolvers that had been removed from service because of damage or wear, was carried out on an as needed basis over a period of many years.〔Derby, Harry L. ''Japanese Military Cartridge Handguns 1893–1945'' (2003), p. 20〕 The original Type 26s are missing the external markings of later produced revolvers and are identifiable by numbers stamped on internal parts.〔 Type 26s were still being used in 1945 which, according to firearms expert and author Ian Hogg, is considered a testament to their original workmanship and a much more suitable combat weapon than later Japanese produced pistols.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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